Vocabulary. Clause 3

3.1.1 historic settlement: An inhabited locality, or a part of an inhabited locality, included in the list of historic settlements of federal significance or in the list of historic settlements of regional significance, within the boundaries of which are located cultural heritage objects included in the register, identified cultural heritage objects, and objects that constitute the subject of protection of the historic settlement.

[1, Article 59, paragraph 1].

NOTE — The definition is given for the purposes of Federal Law No. 73-FZ [1].

3.1.2 cultural heritage object: Immovable property (including archaeological heritage objects) and other objects with territories historically associated with them, works of painting, sculpture, decorative and applied art, objects of science and technology and other items of material culture that have arisen as a result of historical events, that are of value from the point of view of history, archaeology, architecture, urban planning, art, science and technology, aesthetics, ethnology or anthropology, or social culture, and that are evidence of epochs and civilizations and authentic sources of information on the origin and development of culture.

[1, Article 3].

NOTE — The types of cultural heritage object (monuments, ensembles, places of interest) and the archaeological heritage object are applied in the meanings of Article 3 of Federal Law No. 73-FZ [1].

3.1.3 The subject of protection of a historic settlement includes:

1) historically valuable town-forming objects — buildings and structures that form the historic built fabric and are united, among other things, by scale, volume, structure, style, structural materials, colour scheme and decorative elements;

2) the planning structure, including its elements;

3) the spatial-volumetric structure;

4) the composition and silhouette of the built fabric — the relationship of vertical and horizontal dominants and accents;

5) the relationship between different urban spaces (open, built-up, planted);

6) compositional and visual links (panoramas), and the relationship between the natural setting and the setting created by people.

[1, Article 59, paragraph 2].

NOTE — In this standard the term "subject of protection", without further qualification, means the subject of protection of the historic settlement. The subject of protection of a cultural heritage object is 3.1.15; the subjects of protection of individual objects are considered in the context of the record documentation of the objects (6.2.7).

3.1.4 historical and cultural value: The aggregate significance of the tangible and intangible characteristics of heritage for society and the local community, expressing a contribution to the formation of identity and the memory of the place, a sense of belonging and social cohesion, the development of cultural capital and quality of life, and also historical, scientific, artistic, urban-planning and symbolic significance; it is used as a basis for establishing protection regimes and for prioritizing development measures.

NOTE — A working term of this standard. It is not a legal definition of Federal Law No. 73-FZ [1] and does not replace the subject of protection of the historic settlement (3.1.3) or the subject of protection of a cultural heritage object (3.1.15).

3.1.5 protection zones of cultural heritage objects: The protective zone of a cultural heritage object, the zone of regulation of development and economic activity, and the zone of the protected natural landscape, established in order to ensure the preservation of the cultural heritage object in its historic environment on the territory adjoining it.

[1, Article 34, paragraph 1].

NOTE — The protective zone of a cultural heritage object is the territory within which, in order to ensure the preservation of the cultural heritage object in its historic landscape setting, a special regime for the use of land and land plots is established that restricts economic activity and prohibits construction, except for the application of special measures aimed at the preservation and regeneration of the historic urban-planning or natural environment of the cultural heritage object, and except for the cases established by the Land Code of the Russian Federation [2]. The zone of regulation of development and economic activity is the territory within which a regime for the use of land and land plots is established that restricts construction and economic activity, and requirements for the reconstruction of existing buildings and structures are determined. The zone of the protected natural landscape is the territory within which a regime for the use of land and land plots is established that prohibits or restricts economic activity, construction and the reconstruction of existing buildings and structures in order to preserve (regenerate) the natural landscape, including river valleys, water bodies, forests and open spaces compositionally linked with cultural heritage objects. The definitions of the types of zone are given according to paragraph 2 of Article 34 of Federal Law No. 73-FZ [1] and correspond to GOST R 59124-2020, clauses 3.3–3.5. Safeguard zones of cultural heritage objects (Article 34.1 of that Federal Law [1]) are not part of the protection zones.

3.1.6 territory of the historic settlement: The territory within the boundaries of the corresponding inhabited locality.

[1, Article 59, paragraph 8].

NOTE — The boundaries of the territory of the historic settlement may not coincide with the boundaries of the inhabited locality and are approved by the authorized state authority in accordance with Article 59 of Federal Law No. 73-FZ [1]. The characteristics of the historically formed planning structure, built fabric, landscape and spatial links and social practices belong to the historic environment (3.1.7) and to intangible heritage (3.1.10) and do not replace the legal boundaries of the territory.

3.1.7 historic environment (historic urban-planning environment): The aggregate of the elements of the historic built fabric, planning and landscape, including the scale, structure, form and stylistic qualities of the built fabric, the elements and character of the improvement of the public realm, and other characteristics of the environment that possess historical, urban-planning and architectural value.

[GOST R 59124-2020, clause 3.13]

NOTE — Intangible practices are taken into account in this standard as an element of intangible heritage (3.1.10) and do not extend the legal content of the historic urban-planning environment.

3.1.8 authenticity: The property of a cultural heritage object or of the historic environment that characterizes the credibility and originality of their attributes, expressed through form and design, materials and substance, use and function, traditions and techniques, location and setting, spirit and feeling of the place, and other forms of intangible heritage.

NOTE — The list of attributes of authenticity is based on the Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention (paragraph 82). The term is not a legal definition of Federal Law No. 73-FZ [1] and does not replace its provisions. In GOST R 59124-2020, clause 3.12, authenticity is defined as a quality confirmed by the presence of material characteristics whose historical credibility is scientifically and documentarily substantiated.

3.1.9 integrity: The property of a cultural heritage object or of the historic environment that characterizes their wholeness and intactness; the assessment of integrity includes determining the extent to which the object or the environment includes all the elements necessary to express their historical and cultural value, is of adequate size to ensure the complete representation of the features that convey their significance, and does not suffer adverse effects from development or neglect.

NOTE — The definition is based on the Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention (paragraph 88). The term is not a legal definition of Federal Law No. 73-FZ [1]. That Federal Law uses the word "integrity" (Articles 36, 38 and 47.2) without a separate definition.

3.1.10 intangible heritage: Practices, ways of life, crafts, traditions, knowledge, skills, the historical experience of the development of the territory and other elements of cultural heritage, including those that do not at present have a material expression, that are associated with the territory of the historic settlement and are significant for the formation of the identity and the cultural development of the local community.

NOTE — A term of this standard. Federal Law No. 73-FZ [1] does not regulate intangible heritage and does not include it in cultural heritage objects or in the subject of protection of the historic settlement (3.1.3).

3.1.11 historic urban landscape: An urban territory understood as the result of the historic layering of cultural and natural values and attributes, including the historic built fabric and planning structure, natural elements and the landscape, intangible practices and social ways of life, visual links and panoramas, extending beyond the notion of the "historic centre" and covering a wider context and geographical setting.

NOTE — The term is based on the UNESCO Recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape (Paris, 2011). It does not replace the notions of the historic settlement (3.1.1) and of a place of interest under Article 3 of Federal Law No. 73-FZ [1] and is not a legal definition of that Federal Law [1].

3.1.12 cultural landscape: A territorial complex formed as a result of the evolutionary interaction of nature and people and of their socio-cultural and economic activity, and consisting of characteristic combinations of natural and anthropogenic components that are in a stable interrelationship and interdependence.

[GOST R 59124-2020, clause 3.41]

NOTE — In Article 3 of Federal Law No. 73-FZ [1], cultural and natural landscapes are indicated as a type of place of interest and do not form a separate legal regime.

3.1.13 regeneration of the historic environment: The aggregate of urban-planning measures aimed at making good losses, restoring integrity and realizing the historic urban-planning potential of urban-planning objects, carried out by the methods of restoration reconstruction, compensatory and adaptive construction in accordance with the traditional principles and techniques of forming the historic urban-planning environment, and at restoring compositional and visual links.

[GOST R 59124-2020, clause 3.36]

NOTE — The term does not replace the reconstruction of a lost cultural heritage object under Article 47 of Federal Law No. 73-FZ [1]. In that Federal Law [1] the word "regeneration" is used in the regimes of protection zones (Article 34).

3.1.14 identified cultural heritage object: An object that possesses the attributes of a cultural heritage object in accordance with Article 3 of Federal Law No. 73-FZ [1] and in respect of which the regional cultural heritage protection authority has decided to include it in the list of identified cultural heritage objects.

[1, Article 16.1, paragraph 5].

NOTE — An identified cultural heritage object is subject to state protection until a decision is taken to include it in the register or to refuse to include it in the register.

3.1.15 subject of protection of a cultural heritage object: A description of the features of the object that are the grounds for its inclusion in the register and that are subject to mandatory preservation.

[1, Article 18, paragraph 2, subparagraph 6].

3.1.16 preservation of a cultural heritage object: Measures aimed at ensuring the physical preservation and the preservation of the historical and cultural value of a cultural heritage object, providing for conservation, repair, restoration and the adaptation of the cultural heritage object for modern use, and including research, survey, design and production work, scientific direction of the work on the preservation of the cultural heritage object, and technical and author's supervision of that work.

[1, Article 40, paragraph 1].

3.1.17 adaptation of a cultural heritage object for modern use: Research, design and production work carried out in order to create conditions for the modern use of a cultural heritage object, including the restoration of elements of the cultural heritage object that are of historical and cultural value.

[1, Article 44].

3.2.1 sustainable development (as applied to historic settlements): Development of a territory that provides for an improvement in the quality of life of the population through coordinated spatial, social and economic development, carried out on the basis of a balance of the interests of the individual, society, the environment and the economy, with the preservation and rational use of the potential of cultural heritage in the interests of the present and future generations.

NOTE — The definition is based on GOST R ISO 37101-2018, clause 3.36, and is adapted to take account of the specific character of historic settlements and of the provisions of the Urban Planning Code of the Russian Federation [3] (Article 1, paragraph 3).

3.2.2 sustainable development management system: A set of interrelated elements of an organization for establishing a policy and objectives and processes to achieve sustainable development.

NOTE — An adaptation of the term "management system" in GOST R ISO 37101-2018, clause 3.21. In the cycle of Clauses 5–12 this term is applied as the implementation management system (Clause 11) and the implementation monitoring system (Clause 12); the title of Clause 11 does not introduce a separate kind of management system.

3.2.3 interested party: A person or organization that can affect, be affected by, or perceive itself to be affected by a decision or activity relating to the sustainable development of a historic settlement.

[GOST R ISO 37101-2018, clause 3.19, modified]

3.2.4 historical and cultural potential: The aggregate of the tangible and intangible cultural heritage resources of a territory (cultural heritage objects, the historic environment, intangible heritage, the historical experience of the development of the territory), considered as the basis for integrating heritage into the urban-planning, social and economic development of the territory.

3.2.5 socio-economic value of heritage: The contribution of cultural heritage to the social, economic and cultural development of a territory, including the formation of identity, the development of human capital, economic value, an improvement in the quality of the environment and the strengthening of the potential of heritage.

3.2.6 adaptive use of historic buildings: The adaptation of historic buildings that are not cultural heritage objects to modern functions, with minimal intervention in the authentic material fabric, preservation of the subject of protection (where one exists) and the economic viability of the building.

NOTE — For cultural heritage objects, the adaptation of a cultural heritage object for modern use (3.1.17) is applied in accordance with Article 44 of Federal Law No. 73-FZ [1]. This term does not extend the legal regime of that Article to buildings that are not cultural heritage objects.

3.3.1 master plan for the development of a territory (master plan): A comprehensive document of strategic planning, including territorial planning, that determines the long-term objectives and tasks of the socio-economic and spatial development of a municipality (or of two or more municipalities that have a common boundary).

NOTE — The composition, content and procedure for preparing a master plan are determined by the legislation of the Russian Federation and by the decision on its preparation. This standard does not establish the composition, content or procedure for preparing a master plan.

3.3.2 sustainable development implementation plan (sustainable development action plan): A document containing a list of specific measures, time frames, those responsible for their implementation and the resource provision for achieving the sustainable development objectives of the historic settlement.

NOTE — In mode A (5.1.4) the implementation plan is included in the list of measures for the implementation of the master plan (10.1.2).

3.3.3 sustainable development documentation of the historic settlement (sustainable development documentation): The aggregate of the results of Clauses 5–12 of this standard, including the analysis of the state of the territory of the historic settlement, of the problems and directions of its sustainable development, and the list of measures for the sustainable development of the territory of the historic settlement under subparagraphs 1 and 2 of paragraph 3 of Article 60 of Federal Law No. 73-FZ [1], together with the objectives, the vision of territorial development, the project solution and the implementation plan.

NOTE — Sustainable development documentation is developed as part of a master plan or as a standalone document (5.1.4). It is not identical to the master plan (3.3.1) and is not identical to the list of sustainable development measures.

3.3.4 cultural heritage impact assessment: A procedure, additional to the assessment of effects on the subject of protection of the historic settlement, for identifying and analysing the indirect effect of a planned activity on the subject of protection of the historic settlement and on the historic environment in a wider sense.

NOTE — The assessment is carried out under 7.12.2. It does not repeat the assessment of effects on the elements of the subject of protection (7.12.1) and does not replace the state historical and cultural expert review (4.3.6; Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 530 of 25 April 2024 [4]). The term does not denote the assessment of the impact of works on a cultural heritage object that is included in the sections on ensuring its preservation (paragraphs 2 and 3 of Article 36 of Federal Law No. 73-FZ [1]).

3.3.5 vision of territorial development: A description of the prospective state of the socio-economic and spatial development of a territory, formed on the basis of an integrated analysis, the sustainable development objectives and the reconciliation of the values of interested parties, and determining the target image of the territory over specified time horizons.

3.3.6 project solution: A system of measures, projects and organizational actions that secure the achievement of the sustainable development objectives of the historic settlement and the transition from the current state of the territory to the target state described in the vision of territorial development.

3.3.7 project office (implementation coordinating body): A coordinating body which should be established for managing the implementation of sustainable development measures and which provides operational management, coordination of cross-sector interaction and interaction with interested parties.

NOTE — In this standard the names "working group", "project office" and "implementation coordinating body" denote one body at different stages: the working group (project office) is formed at the stage of the implementation plan (10.4.2) and develops into a standing implementation coordinating body at the stage of implementation (11.2.1). The implementation coordinating body is not identical to the commission (or other body) that coordinates the preparation of the draft master plan.

3.3.8 authorized body: For the purposes of this standard, a state authority or a local self-government body within whose competence lies the approval of the regulation on the implementation management system and the taking of decisions on updating the sustainable development documentation.

NOTE — The term does not denote the cultural heritage protection authority. The powers of the cultural heritage protection authority are determined by Federal Law No. 73-FZ [1]. In mode A (5.1.4) decisions on updating the sustainable development documentation are taken in the procedure for amending the master plan. The functions of the authorized body are determined by the distribution of powers among the bodies participating in the preparation and implementation of the master plan.

3.4.1 baseline: The values, recorded on the date of collection, of the indicators of the current state of the territory for all fields of sustainable development, formed from the results of the collection of baseline data and serving as the starting point for the subsequent monitoring of the achievement of objectives.

NOTE — The baseline is formed by the collection of baseline data (6.1.2) against the indicators in accordance with Annex B. The results of analysis form its diagnostic component (7.1.6) and are not included in the baseline values, except for the results of the assessment of authenticity and integrity (7.3.2).

3.4.2 inertial forecast: A forecast of the potential states of the territory, made without taking into account the effects of the implementation of sustainable development measures, and reflecting the probable development of the territory if current trends continue.

3.4.3 cascading of targets: The translation of sustainable development objectives and targets to different spatial levels (from the level of the historic settlement to the level of a block or an object) through the spatial instruments of the territorial model.

3.4.4 traceability: The provision of a traceable link between the elements of sustainable development documentation — measures, objectives, identified problem fields, principles and the results of analysis — making it possible to establish the justification of each decision.

NOTE — Corresponds to traceability in GOST R ISO 9000-2015, clause 3.6.13.

3.4.5 investment passport: A document containing the technical and economic parameters of a cultural heritage object or a historic territory, the organizational and legal particulars, information on encumbrances, an estimate of the volume of investment and a description of the investment conditions, providing transparency for potential investors.

3.4.6 territorial digital twin: A set of geographic information layers, data on the territory and modelling tools that provides for the storage and visualization of data, the modelling of territorial and sectoral problem fields and support for management decisions.

NOTE — A digital twin should be formed; the recommended composition is given in 11.6.5. The absence of a digital twin does not release the organization from the requirements for the information system in 11.6.1–11.6.3. The recommended mechanism for describing the territory by a graph model is given in Annex C and is not part of the definition of this clause.